Annotation
Хавронина С. А. Русский язык в упражнениях: Учебное пособие (для говорящих на английском языке) / С. А. Хавронина, А. И. Широченская. - 13-е изд., стереотип. - М.: Рус. яз., 2004. - 285 с.
ISBN 5-200-03257-1
Книга является практическим пособием по русскому языку и может быть использована как дополнительный материал к любому начальному курсу русского языка.
Состоит из двух частей: вводной, где закрепляются начальные сведения по грамматике русского языка, и основной, где раскрываются наиболее сложные для иностранцев разделы русской грамматики. Благодаря четко продуманной системе упражнений учащиеся овладевают прочными навыками употребления различных грамматических форм русского языка. Книга содержит грамматические таблицы и ключи к упражнениям.
Предназначена для лиц, имеющих подготовку по русскому языку в объеме элементарного курса.
PREFACE
Russian in Exercises is intended for beginners. It contains exercises designed to consolidate and activate basic Russian grammar and vocabulary. Russian in Exercises falls into two parts: 1. An Introductory Lexical and Grammatical Course, and 2. The Main Course.
1. An Introductory Lexical and Grammatical Course
The exercises given in this part are based on a limited vocabulary (approximately 350 words) and will enable the student to master the main types of the Russian simple sentence and also a number of points of Russian grammar, such as personal verb forms and tenses, and the plural of nouns. At the same time they will acquaint him with the main ways of expressing the agent, place and time of an action, possession, an attribute of an object, and affirmation and negation.
The exercises will teach the student, how to ask various types of questions containing the question words ктo? 'who?', когда? 'when?', гдe? 'where?', чей? 'whose? and какой? 'what (kind of)?', and to understand and make simple statements. The Introductory Course lays the foundation for further study of the language.
2. The Main Course
The Main Course falls into three large sections: The Use of the Cases; The Verb; and Complex Sentences.
One of the principal peculiarities of Russian grammar is the category of case, the essence of which is the fact that every Russian noun, adjective, pronoun, ordinal numeral and participle has a whole system of forms ex The Main Course falls into three large sections: The Use of the Cases; The Verb; and Complex Sentences.
One of the principal peculiarities of Russian grammar is the category of case, the essence of which is the fact that every Russian noun, adjective, pronoun, ordinal numeral and participle has a whole system of forms expressing different meanings, e. g. Это студент. 'This is a student.' Нет студента. 'There is no student.' Пишу студенту. 'I am writing to a student.' Вижу студента. 'I see a student.' Знаком со студентом. 'I know a student.1 Говорим о студенте. 'We are talking about a student.'
This often presents difficulty to non-Russian students of the language. It is impossible to speak Russian correctly without a thorough knowledge of the case forms and without learning to use these forms automatically in speech. This has determined the structure of the Main Course, the arrangement of its contents and the number of exercises in each section.
The authors introduce the cases and their meanings in the order generally followed in practical teaching of the language to non-Russians. First of all the student is introduced to grammatical features most essential for everyday communication. Thus, he should first be able to name objects (Это учебник. 'This is a textbook.'), then to name the place of an action (Я живу в Лондоне. 'I live in London.'), then to name an object acted upon (Я читаю книгу. 'I am reading a book.'), etc.
The case is a unity of form, meaning and function. Each case is therefore introduced and practiced in a sentence (which is the smallest speech unit) and also in very short texts. The numerous exercises will help the student assimilate not only the case forms, but also the constructions in which they are used. Thus, having mastered the cases, the student will master the structure of the Russian simple sentence as well.
The verb also presents difficulty to non-Russian students of the language. A peculiarity of the verb is the fact that it has two stems: the infinitive stem (рисовать 'to draw') and the present tense stem (рисую 'I am drawing'). Other categories of the Russian verb-aspect and transitiveness/intransitiveness - are also unusual for most foreigners. The group of prefixed and unprefixed verbs of motion also warrants close attention.
Since the verb fulfils the function of the predicate in a sentence, it forms its nucleus. Therefore the ability to use verbs properly is an indispensable condition for understanding and speaking Russian.
The exercises in the Complex Sentences section aim to help the student master the structure of complex sentences and the most frequent conjunctions and conjunctive words. In this section the student is introduced to complex sentences with clauses of reason, condition, purpose, etc. Special attention is given to clauses introduced by the conjunctive word который and the conjunction чтобы, since their misuse accounts for the greater part of mistakes made by foreign speakers of Russian.
The book should be studied in a cyclic pattern and not straight through from beginning to end. This should prevent the student from learning the accusative of direction in isolation from verbs of motion, or the instrumental in isolation from the short form of passive participles; it is useful to study the accusative of the object of action in conjunction with the section devoted to verbal aspects, etc.
Russian in Exercises is based on a limited number of the commonest Russian words, a feature which makes it possible to use it to supplement any comprehensive Russian course.
The authors would be grateful for any remarks and suggestions which would help improve this work in future editions. They should be forwarded to 117303, Москва, Малая Юшуньская, д. 1, издательство "Русский язык".
